Quadratic Equation and Marks Free Essays

Tak Nga Secondary School 2010-2011 Mid-year Exam Form 4 Mathematics (Paper I) Time permitted: 1 hour 15 minutes Class:________ Name:__________________( ) Marks: ________/60 Instructions: 1. Compose your name, class and class number in the spaces gave on this spread. 2. We will compose a custom article test on Quadratic Equation and Marks or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now This paper comprises of THREE segments, A(1), A(2) and B. Each area conveys 20 imprints. 3. Endeavor ALL inquiries in this paper. Compose your answers in the spaces gave. Valuable answer sheets will be provided on demand. Compose your name and class number on each sheet. 4. Except if in any case indicated, all working must be plainly appeared. . Except if in any case determined, numerical answers ought to either be precise or right to 3 huge figures. 6. The charts in this paper are not really attracted to scale. Page 1 of 9 Section A(1) (20 imprints) 3n ? 5m =4. 2 1. Make n the subject of the equation (3 imprints) ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 2. Compute (? 3 + 5i ) ? (2 + 7i ) . 4 + 8i (6 imprints) ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ _________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________ Factorize (a) 2r 2 + 20r + 50 , (b) r 2 + 10r + 25 ? s 2 . (4 imprints) ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Page 2 of 9 3. 4. In the event that f ( x) = x 2 ? 1 and g ( x) = 3 x + 2 , discover the estimation of 2 f (0) + 3 g (1) . (3 imprints) ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ _______________ _____________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 5. Fathom the condition 1 2 x ? = 3 by the quadratic recipe. (Offer the response in surd structure. ) 2 (4 imprints) ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____ ________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ _______________________________ _____________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Page 3 of 9 Section A(2) (20 imprints) 6. In the figure, the straight line going through An and B is opposite to the straight line going through An and C, where C is a point lying on the x-hub. (a) Find the condition of the straight line going through An and B. (2 imprints) ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ __________________________ __________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ (b) Find the directions of C. 3 imprints) ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ _______________ _____________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________________________ ______________

Remembering the Alamo Essay

This article is obviously about the Alamo. It gives a short history of the fight at the Alamo and the characters that took an interest there. It quickly makes reference to that there are presently realities and history of the Alamo being contested among numerous students of history today. This article additionally offers remarks concerning the incredible impact The Alamo has had in today’s culture, alluding to the numerous creations based off this memorable occurring. Each time I recall the Alamo motivation fills my chest. I love to recall the incredible legends that battled so daring and valiantly even with the restriction; a pitiless despot (Santa Anna) and the mistreatment he could incur. A significant number of the individuals that possessed second Chance Texas moved there for basically one explanation and one explanation only†¦ another opportunity. A large portion of them, having persevered through hard lives and migrating to another nation, landscape and way of life were not going to surrender their undeniable rights to a Mexican tyrant. While many got the opportunity and chance to get the hell out of Dodge, they decided to remain and safeguard what was legitimately theirs thus they did. These daring men, drove by Travis, Bowie and Crockett, stood firm at the Alamo that will be recalled until the end of time. They gave their lives not for significance, however they earned that and more at long last, they gave their lives for what they lived for and that should have been free. We shouldn’t contend or argument about the respectable and decent history of these extraordinary men, doing so we spoil there story with our obliviousness. Not these men may have lived extraordinary, yet every one of them passed on incredible in seeing ALL AMERICANS. Recollect THE ALAMO.

5 Essential Tips for Aspiring Graphic Designers

5 Essential Tips for Aspiring Graphic Designers For creative types who enjoy making visual art, a career in graphic design makes sense. It offers the opportunity to combine work with play and turn a talent into a careerâ€"a very lucrative career if youre a standout in the industry.Graphic design can be a tough field to break into. The industry is flooded with graphic designers looking to make names for themselves and get a foot in the door. Standing out takes more than talent; it takes diligence, patience and an understanding of what graphic design is all about.Not only do designers use visual artistry to convey a message that inspires an idea or action, they do it in accordance with a clients specific goals. It takes time and effort to build expertise in a field that combines art theory, typography, programming, marketing and communications. And while theres no set path to success in graphic design, there are steps you can take to increase your chances of getting work and getting known. First, you should understand theres a lot y ou dont know about graphic design.1. Do the courseworkAccomplished designer Timothy Samara described the process of graphic design as seeing (and understanding) how the qualities of visual materialâ€"shapes, images, color theory, typography, and layoutâ€"work, and work together… and then being able to decide which qualities of each are relevant and engaging and useful for visualizing a particular idea or solving a certain problem.Graphic design combines a vast range of skill sets into one role. Successful graphic designers are masters of not only color, shape and typography but also a wide and ever-evolving range of software, programming languages like HTML and CSS, branding, marketing and client communication. Knowledge of animation, 3D and VR (virtual reality) concepts is becoming more common. Graphic designers who have at least a basic understanding of UI/UX (user-interface/user-experience) design principles are even more in demand.It can be difficult to assemble that body of k nowledge and skill on your own, so while structured learning isnt strictly necessary to succeed in the industry, it helps a lot.A formal design education could mean a comprehensive design program, typically a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, or individual, well-chosen courses. Design programs cover topics like basic theory and fundamentals, digital-illustration technologies, programming languages, multimedia integration, multi-platform design techniques, branding, self-marketing and portfolio development, providing a well-rounded basis for a career in digital design. It may also offer opportunities for networking and real-world experience, invaluable assets for an aspiring designer (more on that later).Check out Animation Career Reviews list of the top 50 U.S. design programs in 2018 to get a feel for whats out there. But remember, guided coursework can form the basis of a career in graphic design. What it cant do is replace real-world experience.2. Social media: Know whats out thereSu ccessful graphic designers know what other graphic designers are creating. In the hierarchy of jobs requiring an of-the-minute mindset, graphic design is up there. Its a fast-paced industry that reflects and sets visual trends, and if you dont know whats getting attention right now, youre losing ground.Social media is a critical tool in the design field, and no less so if youre just starting out. Keeping up with todays noteworthy designs and designers can keep you versed on the latest trends, successes and failures in the industry. It can up your own game, too, suggesting tweaks or entirely new avenues of experimentation in your designs.Do a hashtag search or find one designer and see who[sic] theyre following, suggests digital-marketing expert Sawaram Suthar on Canva. [Y]oure sure to discover works and artist[s] that can inspire you.There are countless ways to keep track of the latest work in graphic design. Various experts mention Instagram, YouTube, Facebook, Pinterest, design bl ogs and portfolio sites as worth exploring. Lots of design sites have recommendations to get you started: Try Creative Bloqs 32 graphic designers to follow on Instagram, Creative Markets 10 Brilliant Graphic and Web Design Pinterest Boards, the Art Institutes 5 Famous Graphics Designers to Follow, Shillingtons 50 Best Design Blogs You Have to Read in 2018 and Adobes 20 Creatives to Watch in 2018.3. Join the communityFollowing great designers is just the beginning, though. If you really want to make it in the field, engage with them.[I]f youre looking to leverage your design skills, writes Suthar, you need to put yourself out there.Like most creative fields, graphic design thrives on the constant exchange of ideas, opinions and critiques. Networking is a key aspect of launching (and maintaining) a successful design career: Its a highly competitive industry, and when youre low on experience, getting your name out there and building a reputation can help open doors. Designer communitie s offer a way for you to interact with other designers, experienced and novice alike. They provide a forum for you to share your work and get feedback from other designers in the field. Your skills will undoubtedly benefit from posting your workâ€"and commenting on the work of othersâ€"on portfolio sites like Dribbble and Behance.Also, check out forums like Graphic Design Forum and Reddit Graphic Design. Follow some threads, join the discussion and ask questions. A lot of experienced designers will be happy to provide guidance and offer new avenues of experimentation that can help you solve a problem or develop your personal style.4. Dont be afraid to failGenerally speaking, get as much feedback on your work as you can. By all accounts, its essential to your development as a designer. Negative feedback can be the most valuable, according to Paula Scher, whose work includes the Citibank umbrella logo (which she reportedly designed on a napkin in five minutes) and the 2012 Windows 8 l ogo redesign.You have to fail in order to make the next discovery, she told Psychology in 2009. Its through mistakes that you actually can grow. You have to get bad before you can get good.One of the best things you can do as a new graphic designer is consistently share your work in places where youll receive honest feedback. In addition to Behance and Dribbble, Digital Arts Online recommends Adobe Portfolio, Wix, Fabrik and FolioLink as some of the top places to share design work. (Check out the complete list.)In lieu of a large portfolio, build a body of work on social media. Nothing compares to real-world experience, but it can reflect your skill level, range, commitment and following.5. Get real-world experienceStill, definitely be building that portfolio.Its not easy when youre just starting out. In graphic design as in most fields, without experience, its hard to land job, which makes it hard to build the experience you need to land jobs. But experience is everything. It shows what you can do in a real-world design setting, for clients.Internships are great experience-builders. Interns learn on the job, working with professional designers on client-driven projects. (Plus, the firm might hire you if they like your work.) But there are a lot more graphic designers than there are internships, so competition can be fierce. Design programs can be helpful here, as they often offer assistance securing an internship with a design firm during the course of study. You dont need to be in a program to apply, though. You can usually find ads for internships on job-search sites and the sites of the ad agencies and design studios offering them.There are other ways to gain experience, you just have to get creative. Maybe a relatives business website could use a redesign. Suthar suggests offering to design a friends wedding invitation or selling designs on Etsy. Creative Bloq offers an extensive list of online design marketplaces.Also, try volunteering your design skills . Organizations like schools, religious organizations and charities may be open to a new online look. A lot of nonprofits post ads requesting free graphic-design services on both volunteer- and job-search sites.According to Designrfix, you could even show spec work in your portfolio: Find a local company that could use a new logo or website, design it and present it to the owners or marketing team. Whether or not they like it, the experience with the organization will earn you credible work and enhance your portfolio.In conclusion, find clients. As many as you can.Graphic designer, blogger and podcaster Lauren Hooker put it this way: [T]heres no greater teacher than first-hand experience. You can study design, you can plan for the future, and you can seek wisdom from other experienced designers, but you cant gain an accurate picture of what this industry truly looks like until you jump in head-first.

My Reasons For Becoming A Teacher Essay - 1586 Words

My reasons for choosing to become a teacher were nicely summed up by the quote cited in chapter 1, â€Å"...If you want to make a difference in the life of our nation, if you want to make a difference in the life of a child – become a teacher. Your country needs you.† (President Obama, State of the Union, 1/25/11). Some of the reasons that I relate to are a desire to make a difference in students lives, a desire to serve, and excitement about the learning process. I want what I do professionally to have meaning, to leave a lasting impact on others. How better to leave a lasting impact than to teach children? Assisting children to learn seems to be a worthy endeavor. The impact a teacher has can be far-reaching as the students of today are the leaders and innovators of tomorrow. By teaching I am helping the community by assisting my students on their way to becoming contributing members of society. Not only am I interested in helping young minds grow, I am also interested in my own growth. The life of a teacher further appeals to me because it is a career choice that requires the professional to be an active learner themselves. 2. The breadth of knowledge and skills required for a teacher to perform their duties is daunting. Teachers are required to know about themselves, their students, the subject matter they are teaching, educational theories and current research, and the latest technology. Knowledge of just one area is not sufficient for being a teacher, they mustShow MoreRelatedWhy I Should Not Be A Teacher Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pageshopes of one day becoming a high school math teacher, which may not have been the best option. Since my decision, I have heard a myriad of reasons for why I should not become a teacher and I’ve even noticed some of these reasons myself. There are many negatives to becoming a teacher, including the workload, being underappreciated, and the small pay. Also, I shouldn’t become a teacher because of my personal feelings and characteristics that aren’t conducive to becoming a great teacher, such as havingRead MoreEssay About Becoming A Teacher724 Words   |  3 Pages Becoming a teacher has not always been my plan, I had different dreams growing up. I had my whole future planned around being a pediatric nurse that was how I wanted to help kids of the future. My future changed when I ran into medical problems with my back. This took the option of being a nurse of the table for me. I had to sit down and think about how I was still going to help kids and do something I love. 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I relied basically upon my memories and thoughts about my own educational experiences. However, describing my philosophy of education was much more difficult task for me to accomplish. First of all, before I could properly describe my philosophy, I realized I needed a workingRead More Becoming a Teacher: My Philosophy on Education Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesBecoming a Teacher: My Philosophy on Education When did education start? Do we still need education to function as a society? How long will public education remain a kindergarten through twelfth grade curriculum? The answers to these questions will vary from person to person, but they will all have one common theme: education will and must go on! Education is the key to a progressing society. Education is the only way that knowledge is passed from generation to generationRead MoreBecoming A Teacher And The Exciting Topic Of Teacher Pay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesrunning through my head is, how did it go by so fast? I remember sitting in EDU for the very first time on that first day of classes, excited for all that this year had to offer me. And so far, my experiences have lived up to my expectations. Throughout these past 15 weeks, a lot has changed. I went from living at home to living in a dorm, and from having a very consistent sleep schedule to staying up way too late and waking up far too early. But am ongst all the change in my life one thing hasRead MoreMy Most Influential Teacher Of My Life860 Words   |  4 Pagesyou want to be when you grow up?† From the age of about ten to sixteen, I always thought I wanted to be a teacher. However, once I hit seventeen, I knew I definitely wanted to become one. One reason for this concrete answer is because by the time I was a senior in high school, I had the absolute pleasure of having the three most influential teachers of my life. These three individuals shaped my life in a way I didn’t even know was possible, and from that point on, I knew I wanted to be just like themRead MoreEducation Is Suffering From Narration Sickness1638 Words   |  7 Pageschange. I’ve learned through my own personal experiences that some students don’t learn the same way. Many of the teachers that I have had, have always presented the information through powerpoint or just lecturing, kind of like college, but not all students learn the best through this way. One of Freire s quotes from the article is, â€Å"Education is suffering from narration sickness.† This is an important quote to me from this article because emphasizes that teachers tend to lecture, speak, or narrateRead MoreEssay on Statement of Philosophy and Goals1301 Words   |  6 Pagesplaying school with the neighborhood children, I had always dreamed of becoming a teacher. Since the first day of kindergarten, watching the teacher teach us how to do basic things like counting, writing, and reading is what interested me in teaching. Throughout my elementary and secondary education I became even more interested in the teaching field. I thought that being a teacher would be the best thing in the world because a teacher has an immense amount of knowledge. Now I am in college where IRead MoreEssay on Why I Want to be a Teacher in Burma1406 Words   |  6 Pagesspent most of my schooling life in, Myanmar (Burma). There are some positive an d negative aspects that I like to point out as a student to become a teacher. The first thing that I like to share about why I choose to be a teacher and what is influencing me. The main reason that I like to be a teacher is my goals, I want to be a teacher, the addition of that influencing me are a teacher of the primary school teacher, cultural aspect and teacher identity. From the more strongly to my passion is via

assignment 3 Essay - 1087 Words

ASSIGNMENT 3: FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR INC. Submitted by Mohammed A Khan Submitted to Prof: Wendy Achilles Course: Acc 562 Advanced Auditing Dated: 12-14-2014 Introduction †¢ Freescale Semiconductor Inc. (FCI) is a global leader in embedded processing solutions, providing industry leading products that are advancing the automotive, consumer, industrial and networking markets. †¢ From microprocessors and microcontrollers to sensors, analog integrated circuits and connectivity – FCI’s technologies are the foundation for the innovations that make the world greener, safer, healthier and more connected. Continued from previous slide †¢ Some of Free scales key applications and end-markets include automotive safety, hybrid and all-electric†¦show more content†¦Internal Control Tool to avoid a fraud: Under this case †¢ Role of independent Partner – responsible for sharing insider information to anyone. His actions should be monitored by other authorized persons of E Y company since this is very sophisticated matter and also involved a reputation of the company. †¢ Market reaction after involvement – E Y should closely monitor the market fluctuations on that specific share after their involvement. Continued from previous slide †¢ Monitor the beneficial – E Y can ask for the trading report for 2 weeks from the share trading company of that particular entity (Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.) How Murdoch can avoid this allegation †¢ Means of communication – It revealed that Murdoch and Gansman communicated about 400 times via text massage and telephone which is recordable. Physical communication is not recordable with substance. †¢ No. of beneficial – Murdock also leaked the information to her relatives. Continued from previous slide †¢ Financial Relationship – It was revealed that Gansman and Murdoch had financial relationship which is reasonably understandable to the parties who are questioning that particular leaking. Auditor’s responsibility in terms of consulting and audit engagement †¢ Use – Consulting engagement of the auditor is an internal service to the company whether may be an investment will be feasible or not. But Audit engagementShow MoreRelatedAssignment 3673 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment 3: Banking (16.0 points)    1. Visit the website of a large national bank, regional bank, or credit union, and use the information you find there to answer the questions below. EXAMPLE: Some large banks you might consider include Bank of America ®, JPMorgan Chase ®,  Wells Fargo ®, Citibank ®, and U.S. Bank ®.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a. What is the name of the bank or credit union? (0.5 points)   Answer: Bank of America b. List three facts about savings account options at the bank or credit unionRead MoreAssignment 3836 Words   |  4 PagesDEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Economics 340H – FA 07 OSH Assignment #3 Instructor: Christopher Michael Due Date: Dec 6, 2007 Question 1 – Perfect Competition and Monopolistic Competition Superior Metals Company has seen its sales volume DECLINE over the last few years as the result of rising foreign imports. In order to INCREASE sales (and hopefully, profits), the firm is considering a price reduction on luranium, a metal that it produces and sells. The firm currently sells 60,000Read MoreAssignment 32530 Words   |  11 PagesNORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student: Jason D. THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Follow these procedures: If requested by your instructor, please include an assignment cover sheet. This will become the first page of your assignment. In addition, your assignment header should include your last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number. This should be left justified, with the page number right justified. For example: KnightJSKS7000-8Read MoreAssignment 3900 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Memorandum From: Harlee Cuomo To: Marvin Longabaugh Date: June 2, 2015 Re: Parental Rights in Regards to Adoption Relevant Facts Alex and his girlfriend, Elizabeth, live within the state of Washington. Alex is twenty-seven and his girlfriend is twenty-one. Elizabeth wants to become a cardiologist one day. Alex finds out that Elizabeth is pregnant and wants to give the baby up for adoption. Alex, however, wants to be a parent to the unborn child. Both Elizabeth and her parents believe the babyRead MoreAssignment 31447 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction It would be impossible for any business to survive if there were no demand for their product. Therefore, one of the most important attributes of managerial economics is demand estimation. Demand estimation is an important tool because it helps the managers to estimate demand using a scientific method known as Econometrics. It is essential for a manager to be able to determine the appropriate variables of demand function, according to the textbook, Managerial Economics Applications:Read More200336 Business Academic Skills 2011.1 Essay Instructions (50%)900 Words   |  4 PagesWorkshop and online (Turnitin) 1200 words Based on the Learning Portfolio assessment, write a 1200 word academic essay addressing the following question. Students should include six (6) to ten (10) scholarly references which include at least three (3) of the Five Required Resources found on vUWS in the Assessment Tasks sub-folder called Week 14 - Essay, as well as any other references that may help them support their arguments. That is, only references that have been cited in-text should be listedRead MoreAssignment 32027 Words   |  9 PagesFINS 2624 Portfolio Management Tutorial 4 – Group Presentation After-Tax Yield to Maturity (Yip S3) – Discussion Questions A. Define the after-tax yield to maturity of a bond The after-tax YTM is the annualised discount rate that equates the present value of all the after-tax cash flows of a bond, to its settlement price (on the assumption that the bond is held to maturity). The after-tax YTM allows the investor to compare the after-tax returns of different investments and compareRead MoreEquals Sign and Expo Class Method Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesidea what to enter. Chances are the user would not even know he/she is supposed to enter something. With the prompt, the user knows not only that he/she is supposed to enter something; he/she will also know what they are supposed to enter. 3. What does the enterString method do? The enterString method reads in an entire string of characters from the keyboard until the key is pressed. 4. Look at program Java0503.java. This program gives the impression that it will find the sumRead MoreTypes Of Conbols And Definition1151 Words   |  5 Pages. #include /* function declaration */ int func(int); static int count = 5; /* global variable */ int main() { while(count++) { func(); } printf(count is %d,count); return 0; } Result produced is... count is 1 count is 2 count is 3 count is 4 count is 5 ïÆ' ¼ The extern class of storage Suppose we want to give a reference of a global variable that is visible to All the program files., for this we use Extern storage class. For Example... #include int count ; extern int class();Read MoreWeek 5 Assignments New754 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿PT1420 - Unit 5 Homework and Lab Assignment Unit 5 Assignment 1: Homework 1.) Design an if-then statement that assigns 20 to the variable y and assigns 40 to the variable z if the variable x is greater than 100. (Simple if statement) If x 100 then Y=20 Z=40 End if 2.) Design an if-then statement that assigns 0 to the variable b and assigns 1 to the variable c if variable a is less than 10. (Simple if statement) 3.) Design an if-then-else statement that assigns 0 to variable

Archimedes Was a Mathematician and Inventor of Ancient Free Essays

Archimedes was so brilliant that he is still considered by most historians throughout time as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Archimedes was a mathematician and inventor of Ancient Greece born on 287 B. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Archimedes Was a Mathematician and Inventor of Ancient or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Syracuse on the island of Sicily. His father was an astronomer named Aphid’s. It is said that Archimedes was known to be a relative of Hirer II. Hirer was the king of Syracuse during the life of Archimedes. Throughout their lives they were very close friends. However besides his father’s name and occupation and his relationship with Hirer nothing else is really known about any other members of Archimedes family. At one point of Archimedes life it was his inventions that delayed the capture of Syracuse by the Romans. Archimedes remained in Syracuse for most of his life except when he went to school in Alexandria. Since Greeks loved to learn and be full of knowledge they would send their sons to schools to become wise Greek citizens. Archimedes had one of the best educations as a boy. When he was in his teens Archimedes traveled to Alexandria and went to one of the most famous schools of thematic that had been founded by Euclid. There he studied astronomy, geometry, algebra, trigonometry, astrology, geography, surveying, mechanics, and alchemy with many other brilliant minds of his time. Various subjects he studied when he was younger were poetry, politics, astronomy, mathematics, music, art, and military tactics. His professor was named Cocoon of Samos. Cocoon was a tremendous Influence in Archimedes’ life. He taught Archimedes various things about science and life. Due to the fact he studied In Alexandria It became the biggest foundation on which he built his career as a scientist and mathematician. Archimedes had many eclectic Investigations, but he was mostly known for his discovery of the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and Its circumscribing cylinder, for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle: Archimedes’ principle, and for Inventing the Archimedes’ screw (a device for raising water). One of Archimedes’ few Principals states: an object immersed in a fluid experiences a buoyant force that is equal in magnitude to the force of gravity on the displaced fluid. Archimedes had other inventions up his sleeve some were the hydraulic screw – for raising water from a lower to a enlarger level, catapult, ten lever, ten compound pulley Ana ten During mirror which was a machine Archimedes invented used as war weapon; these machines especially helped in the defense against the Romans when they attacked under the command of Marcella. In mechanics Archimedes also discovered fundamental theorems having to do with the center of gravity of solids and plane figures. Now even in this modern era we still use Archimedes inventions in many ways. The water screw is Just one out of many inventions we use. The water screw is used for raising water using an encased screw that opens at both ends. The screw has to be set at an angle and as it turns, water fills air pockets and is transported upwards. Out of his other inventions he achieved during his life we also use the lever. Levers are basic tools, and many of the simple tools we use today, use levers in some way. For example; scissors, pliers, hammer claws, nutcrackers, and tongs. We still even use his mathematical discoveries. Due to his inventions he made life impeller for us today. Archimedes’ legend is still alive to this day. I think Archimedes was a great mathematician and inventor who inspired many others to perfect his discoveries and to carve the way to ones made in the future. Those discoveries have affected our ways of living in a good way. I believe his legend would indeed be greater if more people knew what he was trying to accomplish and what good it would do for them. Even so, his ideas were rediscovered in the middle ages and, fortunately, they are being worked on like many other discoveries that have been add. How to cite Archimedes Was a Mathematician and Inventor of Ancient, Papers

Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare Essay Julius Caesar is a famous play written by the respected William Shakespeare in 1599. The drama is based on real events concerning the assassination of Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator, on March 44 BC. It is an epic tale about a Roman tragedy. My main aspect within this essay is to emphasise on how Antony manipulates the Roman plebeians by giving a speech after Caesars death which is the core of the play. He is left with a daunting task due to the highly persuasive speech which Brutus delivers prior to him. Julius Caesar is about power, fear of dominance, betrayal and conspiracy. It portrays the time in which the Romans dominated the world. Caesar returns from the battle field ending a civil war between his forces against Pompeys forces who was the current emperor of Rome at that time. Julius Caesar was feared by many after his victory over Pompey. The demolition of Pompey meant that Caesar would be the new emperor. It was his arrogance which leads him to his death. He is warned by his wife and the soothsayer about the possibility of his assassination but due to his ignorance he fails to understand that he is a target for many. He ignores their advice not knowing what his destiny will be. His arrogance leads to the fear of his dominance and many are appalled by the fact that he has become the new emperor and refuse to accept this. This is due to the fact that they believe he will become a tyrant if he is to have power to such an extent. The initial people who reacted to this were Flavius and Marullus. They warned the fickle plebeians about Caesars potential of becoming a tyrant. Subsequently they were instantly assassinated. This created many reasons for a conspiracy to kill Caesar. The conspirators who planned to kill Caesar were Marcus Brutus (Caesars dear friend), Caius Cassius, Decius Brutus, Metellus, Cinna, Casca and finally Trebonius. Marcus Brutus Caesars dearest friend is the leader of the conspirators. Hes a patriotic Roman citizen and values nothing above his love for his nation. Cassius persuades him to join the conspiracy and due to his agreement in the belief of Caesars potential of becoming a tyrant and that the Romans are to become slaves without freedom if Caesar were to be crowned he decides to join Cassius and his companions. Cassius uses Brutus love for Rome as a key to make him join the conspiracy because hes realised that that Brutus has love for Rome to such an extent that he would be prepared to kill his dear friend Caesar for the good of Rome. The conspirators needed someone wise and of high knowledge. They found these qualities in Brutus therefore they gave him the authority to be their leader. Eventually they succeed in their objective as they manage to kill Caesar on the day that he was to be crowned at the senate house. This built up tension between the plebeians as they were curious about the murder and why it occurred. Brutus calms the atmosphere immediately by delivering a powerful speech and concluding it with the mistakeby letting Antony speak which leads him to his death further in the play. He uses clever manoeuvres to persuade the crowd in order to retain his innocence. He talks about the importance of Rome and how Caesars dominance wouldve affected it dramatically. Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more (Act 3 scene 2) Brutus gains the crowds belief that Caesar was to become a tyrant if he were to become the emperor of Rome as he is highly persuasive with his speech. He gives the crowd the impression that he was a great friend of Caesar and that he mustve had a major reason to kill him if he was acquainted with him to such an extent. He further emphasises on how Caesars dominance wouldve lead to slavery and a state without freedom. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men?(Act 3 scene 2) He uses this to create a scenario within the minds of the plebeians making them think about the possible future if Caesar was to live. He gains there trust and their agreement in the murder of Caesar by using these clever techniques. The people are stunned and are left with a lot of thoughts to consider. What Brutus mentions during his speech is unimaginable to the Roman citizens and to its effect they have no objections and start believing Brutus and praising him to such an extent that what initially was believed to be a vicious act had turned into a praiseworthy achievement due to Brutus ability to persuade and manipulate the crowd. Let him be Caesar! (Act 3 scene 2) This is the reaction of a Roman citizen after Brutus speech followed by another citizen saying: Caesars better parts shall be crowned in Brutus (Act 3 scene 2) Brutus knows that the Romans are fickle therefore he uses this weakness as a key to persuade them. He is now respected an honoured by the people and has proven himself to be innocent as he has gained the trust of the citizens. Now Antony arrives at the location with the realisation of the knowledge that he is left with a daunting task if he is to turn the crowd against Brutus. Instantly after Caesar was killed Antony was present and was devastated by seeing Caesars dead body. He shook hands with the conspirators indicating that he will take revenge on each of them one after the other. Brutus doesnt kill Antony because he considers the risk of people acknowledging that his plan would seem too bloody. Additionally it would make his task much more difficult in proving himself to be innocent to the plebeians. Antony also didnt seem like a threat to him. When Antony arrives at the scene he carries Caesars dead body and lays it down to express his love for Caesar and displaying to the crowd how horrifically he was killed. It shows his devastation about Caesars death. He uses the body as a base to indirectly challenge Brutus because hes showing that hes aggrieved by Caesars death and wants a chance to express his feelings. Romeo and Juliet Character EssayInitially Antony is talking about the good of Rome, but as he attains the crowds interest his method changes. His aim is to manipulate the crowd in order to demolish Brutus. As Antony smoothly continues his speech he builds up the tension by mentioning something which entices the crowd to listen to him with full attention. He uses a clever manoeuvre to turn the situation around. He pretends that Caesar had left a will behind for the citizens of Rome. The crowd becomes hyper by this statement and is eager to hear more about it and command Antony read out the will immediately. But heres a parchment with the seal of Caesar; I found it in his closet; tis his will (Act 3 scene 2) Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read (Act 3 scene 2) I have oershot myself to tell you of it (Act 3 scene 2) Here we can obtain that Antony uses Caesars will as a method to resurrect Caesars innocence after the crowd believed he was guilty due to Brutus persuasive words. However Antony is clever and keeps the crowd in suspense; he tells them that he will read out the will but that he has already gone beyond the limit simply by just telling hem about the will which the crowd appreciates yet they are impatient to hear it. Their impatience of hearing the will shows how clever Antony was to use the will in order to make the people go mad and make them think that Caesar loved them immensely. This is the turning point in the drama. Antony now takes full command of the scenario and has persuaded the people to believe that Caesar was innocent and a man of high essence. Here Antony has fulfilled his objective due to the immaculate techniques he used. He has laid out a foundation for himself on which he can now stand and be assured that he can take his revenge on the conspirators. He becomes successful in his speech as we can see. They were traitors. Honourable men! (Act 3 scene 2) Here a plebeian reacts to Antonys persuasive words. The situation turns into a chaos as it is clear that Antony has become successful in his task. It was Antonys determination and motivation that made the people turn against Brutus. Brutus underestimated Antony and was unaware of Atonys skills and that was a key point to Antonys success as he took advantage and redeveloped the entire scenario to his will. The plebeians decide to rebel against Brutus as they are outraged by the facts mentioned to them by Antony. O piteous spectacle! O noble Caesar! O woful day! O traitors, villains! O most bloody sight! We will be revenged. Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay! Let not a traitor live! (Act 3 scene 2) This is the crowds reaction to Antonys speech. He has gained total control of the scenario and has now encapsulated the support of the plebeians. He has all the force and ability to take revenge on the conspirators. He has been successful by using his phenomenal skills to turn plebeians who are fickle yet still hard to convince against the conspirators. Conclusion To conclude I would like to emphasise on the immaculate techniques used by Antony within his speech. Every step he takes has a goal and an achieved target. He arrives with Caesars body to show how severe his wounds are to indicate to the people how viciously he was killed. The turning point in his speech is when he mentions Caesars will despite the fact that he made it up. At this stage he had already gained the crowds attention and this kind of statement would settle his position as a person demanding for revenge. The vital dramatic pauses which Antony uses during his speech had a great effect as it gave him time to read the mood of the crowd enabling him to continue his flurry of persuasive techniques according to the current mood of the crowd. He acts humbly like an average Roman plebeian to show he is on the same level as the people. A fine example of this is: Will you give me the leave to speak? (Act 3 scene 2) He mentions this to assure the crowd that he wants them to allow him to speak as he only wants to express his feelings even it though was Brutus who appointed him to speak. Yet in order to make the people eager to listen to him he asks for their permission. Antony is an expert at building up the tension during his speech as he holds the crowd back three times from leaving and vandalising the surroundings. He uses repetition when he uses the word honourable several times to build up the irony that these men are praiseworthy and honourable yet they have committed such a horrific act. It is significant to analyse these techniques and obtain that contemporary politicians at present also use similar skills in order to attain the citizens attention. Many use repetition like Antony did in order to emphasise on a negative or positive point to express their views about something with the hope of gaining the support of the citizens. Many politicians give speeches in similar fashion to Antony. Initially they express general points on which anyone would agree and as the speech flows successfully they gradually gain support and then fully express their views as the support increases. All the sublime techniques which Antony uses are a key to his success and after winning the civil war he has avenged Caesars death and brought an end to this epic tale of drama.

8 Common Questions Parents Ask Teachers

8 Common Questions Parents Ask Teachers If you really want to make a great impression on the parents, then you must be ready to answer any question they might have for you. Here are 8 of the most common questions teachers receive from parents as well as some advice on how to answer them. 1. How Do I Help My Child With Technology When I Dont Know Anything About It? Many parents are far behind when it comes to staying up-to-date with the latest tech tools. Often, the child is the most tech-savvy member of the household. So, when a parent doesnt know how to help their child with their tech, they might come to you for advice.   What to Say - Tell parents to ask the same questions they would if they werent using technology for their homework. Questions like What are you learning? and What are you trying to accomplish? 2. How Can My Child Be Successful in School? Parents want to know what can they do at home to help their child be successful in school. They might ask for details on how you grade and if there is anything that they can do to make sure their child receives an A.   What to Say - Be truthful, show them how you grade, and share your expectations for your students. Remind them its not all about the grades, but how the child is learning. 3. Is My Child Behaving in School? If a parent asks you this question, you can probably assume that the child has behavioral issues at home as well. These parents often want to know if their childs behavior at home is transferring to their behavior in school. And, though there are instances of children acting out at home and presenting the opposite behavior in school, misbehaved children often act out in both spaces.   What to Say - Tell them how you see it. If they are indeed acting out, then you need to come up with a behavior plan with the parent and the student. There may be something going on at home (divorce, sick relative, etc.) Do not pry, but you can prompt the parent to see if they will tell you. If they are not acting out in school, reassure the parent and tell them they neednt worry.   4. Why Do You Give so Much/so Little Homework Parents will have strong opinions on homework volume no matter how much you give. Be receptive to their feedback, but remember that you are the teacher and it is ultimately up to you to decide what is best for your students and your classroom. What to Say - If a parent asks why you give so much homework, explain to them what their child is working on in school, and why its important to have them reinforce it at night. If a parent asks why their child never gets homework, then explain to them that you dont feel its necessary to bring work home when they could be spending time with their family. 5. What Is the Purpose of the Assignment? This parent question usually arises after a long night of sitting with their frustrated child. You have to remember that the way they pose the question (which is usually out of frustration) may come off as aggressive. Be patient with this parent; they have probably had a long night.   What to Say - Tell them that you are sorry that they may have a hard time and that you are always available via text or email to answer any questions. Make sure to communicate to them the  specific purpose of the assignment and reassure them that next time they have an issue that you are always there to answer their questions. 6. We Are Going on Vacation, Can I Have All of My Childs Homework? Vacations during school time can be hard because a child misses out on a lot of classroom time. It also means that you have to take the extra time to prep all of your lesson plans far ahead of time. Make sure to communicate your policy for vacation homework in the very beginning of the school year and ask that they give you at least one weeks notice. What to Say - Provide the parent with what you can and let them know that their child will likely have other things to make up when they get back. 7. Does My Child Have Friends? The parent just wants to make sure that their child is having a good experience in school and isnt being bullied or excluded.   What to Say - Tell them that you will observe their child and get back to them. Then, make sure that you do that. This will give the chance for you to pinpoint the time of day the child is having difficulty (if any). Then, the parent (and you) can talk to the child and come up with some solutions if need be. 8. Is My Child Turing in Their Homework on Time? Usually, this question comes from parents of 4th and 5th graders because this is the time when students gain more personal responsibility, which can take some adjustment.   What to Say - Offer the parent some insight into what their child is handing in and what they are not. Communicate your rules and expectations are for the student. Talk with the parent about things that they can do at home to help the child maintain responsibility, as well as what they can do in school.

Free Essays on The Euro

It?s coming! It?s Coming! And now its here the Euro Prior to 1999 the EU countries (Austria, Belgium, Ireland, Finland, Germany, Italy, Greece, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal and Spain) all had their own currencies. That all changed on January 1, 1999 the euro became the official currency; however the transition was not an easy one. The introduction of the euro, Europe?s single currency has been in the planning and preparation stage for over ten years. One of the reasons for such the long wait was the skepticism of the mere idea of a single currency that the euro brought about globally. The idea came about in the early 1970?s but was tabled due to a rise in oil prices. Again in the early 1980?s the idea surfaced again and was agreed upon in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty. After the agreement there were certain criteria that each country had to adopt, such as a controlled rate of inflation and the debt/GDP ratio. These things had to be accomplished in order be apart of the euro and have a smooth transition to the new currency. From a global aspect there were many doubts about the change in currency. The way businesses conduct themselves, the way people travel and the way corporations and companies invest their money will all be effected. However the bigger question is how it will affect the US, especially in relation to trade. Due to the interdependence of American businesses there already exist a positive relationship between America and Europe, which has helped in the transition. When it comes to trade, cost have been significantly reduced based on an end to currency conversion and the fees that exist from cross-boarder trade. This leads to the ability for large businesses to save money and increase their profits. There is also a benefit for small business based on the opportunity for international trade. In addition there will be a birth of price transparency which will lead to increased competition. Thus consume... Free Essays on The Euro Free Essays on The Euro It?s coming! It?s Coming! And now its here the Euro Prior to 1999 the EU countries (Austria, Belgium, Ireland, Finland, Germany, Italy, Greece, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal and Spain) all had their own currencies. That all changed on January 1, 1999 the euro became the official currency; however the transition was not an easy one. The introduction of the euro, Europe?s single currency has been in the planning and preparation stage for over ten years. One of the reasons for such the long wait was the skepticism of the mere idea of a single currency that the euro brought about globally. The idea came about in the early 1970?s but was tabled due to a rise in oil prices. Again in the early 1980?s the idea surfaced again and was agreed upon in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty. After the agreement there were certain criteria that each country had to adopt, such as a controlled rate of inflation and the debt/GDP ratio. These things had to be accomplished in order be apart of the euro and have a smooth transition to the new currency. From a global aspect there were many doubts about the change in currency. The way businesses conduct themselves, the way people travel and the way corporations and companies invest their money will all be effected. However the bigger question is how it will affect the US, especially in relation to trade. Due to the interdependence of American businesses there already exist a positive relationship between America and Europe, which has helped in the transition. When it comes to trade, cost have been significantly reduced based on an end to currency conversion and the fees that exist from cross-boarder trade. This leads to the ability for large businesses to save money and increase their profits. There is also a benefit for small business based on the opportunity for international trade. In addition there will be a birth of price transparency which will lead to increased competition. Thus consume... Free Essays on The Euro Invirtiendo en la bolsa de los valores  ¿Quà © es la bolsa de los valores? La mayorà ­a de la gente tiemblan de miedo a la idea de invertir sus ahorros en la bolsa de valores. Estas personas creen que la bolsa es un tema demasiado complicado para ellos. Estn equivocados. La bolsa de inversiones es simplemente una red organizada para el intercambio de propiedad de las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as pà ºblicas. Todo comienza con una empresa que quiere conseguir fondos para su negocio. Esta corporacià ³n emite acciones lo que representa propiedad verdadera en su negocio. Con el propà ³sito de obtener la mayor cantidad de capital, la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a ofrece sus acciones para vender và ­a un ministerio de comercio que tiene exposicià ³n a una poblacià ³n grande de inversionistas. Entonces, à ©ste ministerio de comercio facilita los cambios de las acciones entre los compradores y vendedores dispuestos. Conceptos importantes Se tiene que dominar algunos conceptos bsicos para comprender como funciona la bolsa y como invertir en ella. Dueà ±o Verdadero. La idea ms importante es que cuando Ud. invierte en una compaà ±Ãƒ ­a Ud. es, en hecho, un dueà ±o parcial de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Esto significa que comparte los à ©xitos y fracasos financieros de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Cuando la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a dà © un paso malo, el valor de su inversià ³n desciende. Cuando se realice una accià ³n positiva, el valor de su inversià ³n aumenta. Riesgo. La prà ³xima idea para captar es que todas las inversiones tienen un elemento de riesgo. Esta realidad deriva del hecho que nada es cierto en los negocios, y su inversià ³n no representa nada ms que participacià ³n en un negocio. La tolerancia de riesgo por parte de un inversionista esta premiada con el potencial de ganancias grandes. Generalmente, a mayor riesgo que acompaà ±a a una inversià ³n, a mayor rendimiento potencial ofrece la inversià ³n. Este rà ©dito es bien merecido porque pone su dinero en mucho peligro por invertir en los valores que no son ...

Generalizability of research findings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Generalizability of research findings - Essay Example The dependability of the generalizing aspect is not absolute, statistically it is probable. Since  generalizability needs data on large populations, qualitative research results to the best foundation of generalizability (Ercikan & Roth, 2009). The criteria for evaluating generalizability of qualitative research include various steps. First an ethical research needs to be carried out, and the importance of the research well defined. There should also be coherence and clarity of the report. The methods used in the research should be rigorous and appropriate. It is important to consider the reflexivity and also establish the validity of the research. Lastly, the researcher needs to understand the reliability of the data (Patton, 2004). In conclusion, Qualitative research cannot get described as a unified field. The reviewers are not experts in qualitative research. They also fail to appreciate the set criteria relative to the qualitative approach that has been reported. It is significant that researchers get aware of the tendency and also educate health care researchers about the suitable criteria in evaluating qualitative

Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Geography - Essay Example This created tension among Muslims who felt disenfranchised by having to speak a different—â€Å"non-Muslim†Ã¢â‚¬â€language. Hindus are found primarily in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan. Pakistan and the Maldives are home to mostly Muslims, even though a large population also reside in Bangladesh. Buddhists populations are found in Sri Lanka and Bhutan. But they also represent minorities in Nepal and India. The original native languages were impacted by Aryan invaders two centuries B.C. and continued with the British invasion. That influence exists today in the differentiation between the ‘t† and â€Å"d† in Indian English. Since the separation of the region into territories in 1947, South Asia has accepted outside assistance with political and security issues but culturally they interpret this as support of local (ethnic) issues, rather than on a larger scale. But, at the heart is the issue of disrespect of native language and its associated religion and ethnicity. Regardless of the country or the language, the deep and ancient connection between religion and language results in racism and petty local haggling based on tribal custom and values. From the time of the arrival of the first European, the Aboriginal Australians began losing their identity. They were so very much a part of the land, being able to survive without currency, without a written constitution or religion, they were able to live easily in a harsh land. Without the protections provided by law and religion, it was easy for new arrivals to take their land from them and to exploit them as sheepherders and trackers. Some of their practices, such as polygamy, were offensive to new arrivals who took away their rights, and even their children. Many of these new arrivals were criminals cast out from England, and other countries who had no qualms about mistreating the black Aborigine. Until 1967, Aborigines had no citizenship

The Physical Soil Properties Environmental Sciences Essay

The Physical Soil Properties Environmental Sciences Essay Soils are composed of five main components mineral particles derived from rocks by weathering; organic materials humus from dead and decaying plant material; soil water in which nutrient elements are dissolved; soil air both carbon dioxide and oxygen; and living organisms including bacteria that help plant decomposition. Soils differ in their fertility levels, because they have different proportions of these components and because the mineral particles have been affected to different degrees by weathering. Age of soil minerals, prevailing temperatures, rainfall, leaching and soil physico-chemistry are the main factors which determine how much a particular soil will weather (Sinha and Shrivastava, 2000). Soil thus, is important to everyone either directly or indirectly. It is the natural bodies on which agricultural products grow and it has fragile ecosystem (Sinha and Shrivastava, 2000). South Africa ranks among the countries with the highest rate of income inequality in the world (Aliber, 2009). Compared to other middle income countries, it has extremely high levels of absolute poverty and food insecurity threat (FAO, 2009). As part of this, a potential contributor to food security might be small-scale agricultural production. Aliber (2009) indicated that input support targeting smallholder farmers could boost production and food security. Utilisation of uncultivated arable lands and subsistence agriculture might be one option to contribute to incomes and/or savings, as well as to encourage food diversification (Altman et al., 2009). Land with high agricultural suitability is considered to have greater long-term security with regards to both agricultural production and development. From a planning perspective, high agricultural flexibility is therefore considered an appropriate measure of high quality agricultural land that is highly productive and fertile. Only a small proportion of worlds soils have a very good level of fertility, most of which have only good to medium fertility and some have very low fertility, and are often referred to as marginal soils (Ashman and Puri, 2002). Well-known fertile soils are deep alluvial soils formed from river mud, organic matter- rich soils on loess material, nutrient rich Vertisols and volcanic soils (Brady and Weil, 2004). Under poor management, soil fertility can be seriously depleted and soils may become useless for agriculture. 2.2. SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMISTRY Soil is a natural medium on which agricultural products grow and it is dependent on several factors such as fertility to be considered productive (Shah et al., 2011). The fertility of the soil is depended on concentration of soil nutrients, organic and inorganic materials and water. These soil physico-chemical properties are classified as being physical, chemical and biological, which greatly influence soil fertility (Ramaru et al., 2000). To manage soil fertility, knowledge and understanding of these properties is required (as discussed below). 2.2.1. Physical soil properties (i) Soil texture Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups of individual particles or grains in a soil (Rowell, 1994). It is dependent on the mixture of the different particle sizes present in the soil. Based on these different sizes, soil particles are classified as sand (0.05- 2mm), silt (0.002-0,5mm) and clay ( Clay particles hold larger quantities of water and nutrients, because of their large surface areas (Brady and Weil, 1999). This property causes the swelling and shrinking of clay soils, but only those with smectitic group of clay minerals. The large surface area of clay particles gives nutrients numerous binding sites especially when the surface charge density is high, which is part of the reason that fine textured soils have such high abilities to retain nutrients (Velde, 1995). The pores between clay particles are very small and complex, so movement of both air and water is very slow (Brady and Weil, 1999). Clay particles are negatively charged because of their mineralogical composition. Soils with such particles usually have high CEC and can retain water and plant nutrients; thus such soils are considered to be fertile and good for plant growth (Brady and Weil, 1999). The knowledge of the proportions of different-sized particles in soils is critical to understand soil behavior and their management. Since sand particles are relatively large, so are the voids between them, which promote free drainage of water and entry of air into the soil (Brady and Weil, 2002). The implication of free drainage in sandy soil is that soil nutrients are easily washed down into the soil and become inaccessible for use by plants (Brady and Weil, 2002). Sandy soils are considered non-cohesive and because of their large size, have low specific surface areas and thus have low nutrient retention capacity (Rowell, 1994). Sand particles can hold little water due to low specific surface area and are prone to drought, therefore have a very low CEC and fertility status (Petersen et al., 1996). The pores between silt particles are much smaller than those in sand, so silt retains more water and nutrients (Rowell, 1994). Soils dominated by silt particles therefore have a higher fertility status than sandy soils and provides favorable conditions for plant growth when other growth factors are favorable (Miller and Donahue, 1992). (ii) Soil structure The term soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles into aggregates (Six et al., 2000). Soil structure is affected by biological activities, organic matter, and cultivation practices (Rowell, 1994). It influences soil water movement and retention, erosion, nutrient recycling, sealing and crusting of the soil surface, together with aeration and soils structural stability, root penetration and crop yield (Lupwayi et al., 2001). Soil structure can be platy, prismatic, granular, crumbly, columnar and blocky (RCEP, 1996). An ideal soil structure for plant growth is often described as granular or crumb-like, because it provides good movement for air and water through a variety of different pore sizes and it also affects root penetration (RCEP, 1996). An ideal soil structure is also stable and resistant to erosion (Duiker et al., 2003). Organic matter and humification processes improve structural stability, and can rebuild degraded soil structures (Brady and Weil, 1999). Therefore it is vital to return or add organic material to the soil and to maintain its biological activity in order to enhance soil structure for plant growth. Favorable soil structure and high aggregate stability are therefore vital to improving soil fertility, increasing agronomic productivity, enhancing porosity and decreasing erodibility. (iii) Water retention capacity Water holding capacity refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of storing for use by plants (Brady and Weil, 1999). Soil water is held in, and flows through pore spaces in soils. Soil water can be described into the following stages: gravitational, capillary, and hygroscopic, based upon the energy with which water is held by the soil solids, which in turn governs their behavior and availability to plants (Rowell, 1994). Water holding capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design and management of irrigation systems (Brady and Weil, 1999). The total amount of water available to plants growing in field soils is a function of the rooting depth of the plant and sum of the water held between field capacity and wilting percentage in each of the horizons explored by the roots (Brady and Weil, 1999). Field capacity is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased, which usually takes place within 2-3 days after a rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture (Govers, 2002). The ability of the soil to provide water for plants is an important fertility characteristic (RCEP, 1996). The capacity for water storage varies, depending on soil properties such as organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure (RCEP, 1996). This is explained by the degree of soil compaction, where problems will arise if excessive compaction occurs which would results in increased bulk density, a decrease in porosity and aeration and poor water drainage (Gregory et al., 2006), all resulting in poor plant growth. (iv) Electrical Conductivity (EC) Soil electrical conductivity (EC), is the ability of soil to conduct electrical current (Doerge, 1999). EC is expressed in milliSiemens per meter (mS/m) or cm (cm/m). Traditionally, soil scientists used EC to estimate soil salinity (Doerge, 1999). EC measurements also have the potential for estimating variation in some of the soil physical properties such as soil moisture and porosity, in a field where soil salinity is not a problem (Farahani and Buchleiter, 2004). Soil salinity refers to the presence of major dissolved inorganic solutes in the soil aqueous phase, which consist of soluble and readily dissolvable salts including charged species (e.g., Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, Clà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, HCO3à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, NO3à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, SO4à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢2 and CO3à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢2), non-ionic solutes, and ions that combine to form ion pairs (Smith and Doran, 1996). Salt tolerances are usually given in terms of the stage of plant growth over a range of electrical conductivity (EC) levels. EC greater than 4dS/m are considered saline (Munshower, 1994). Salt sensitive plants may be affected by conductivities below 4dS/m and salt tolerant species may not be impacted by concentrations of up to twice this maximum agricultural tolerance limit (Munshower, 1994). Electrical conductivity is the ability of a solution to transmit an electrical current. The conduction of electricity in soil takes place through the moisture-filled pores that occur between individual soil particles. Therefore, the EC of soil is determined by the following soil properties (Doerge, 1999): . Porosity, where the greater soil porosity, the more easily electricity is conducted. Soil with high clay content has higher porosity than sandier soil. Compaction normally increases soil EC. . Water content, dry soil is much lower in conductivity than moist soil. . Salinity level, increasing concentration of electrolytes (salts) in soil water will dramatically increase soil EC. . Cation exchange capacity (CEC), mineral soil containing high levels of organic matter (humus) and/or 2:1 clay minerals such as montmorillonite, illite, or vermiculite have a much higher ability to retain positively charged ions (such as Ca, Mg, K, Na, NH4, or H) than soil lacking these constituents. The presence of these ions in the moisture-filled soil pores will enhance soil EC in the same way that salinity does. . Temperature, as temperature decreases toward the freezing point of water, soil EC decreases slightly. Below freezing, soil pores become increasingly insulated from each other and overall soil EC declines rapidly. Plants are detrimentally affected, both physically and chemically, by excess salts in some soils and by high levels of exchangeable Na in others. Soils with an accumulation of exchangeable Na are often characterized by poor tilth and low permeability and therefore low soil fertility status, making them unfavorable for plant growth (Munshower, 1994). (v) Bulk Density (BD) Soil bulk density is defined as the mass of dry soil (g) per unit volume (cm3) and is routinely used as a measure of soil compaction (Gregory et al., 2006). The total volume includes particle volume, inter-particle void volume and internal pore volume (Gregory et al., 2006). Bulk density takes into account solid space as well as pore space (Greenland, 1998). Thus soils that are porous or well-aggregated (e.g. clay soil) will have lower bulk densities than soils that are not aggregated (sand) (Greenland, 1998). Plant roots cannot penetrate compacted soil as freely as they would in non-compacted soil, which limits their access to water and nutrients present in sub-soil and inhibits their growth (Hagan et al., 2010). Compacted soil requires more frequent applications of irrigation and fertilizer to sustain plant growth, which can increase runoff and nutrient levels in runoff (Gregory et al., 2006). The bulk density of soil depends greatly on the soils mineral make up and the degree of compaction. High bulk density usually indicate a poorer environment for root growth, reduced aeration and undesirable changes in hydrologic function, such as reduced infiltration (Brady and Weil, 1999). The presence of soil organic matter, which is considerably lighter than mineral soil, can help decrease bulk density and thereby enhancing soil fertility (Hagan et al., 2010). 2.2.2. Soil Chemical properties Soil chemical properties which include the concentrations of nutrients, cations, anions, ion exchange reactions and redox properties, but for the purpose of this study focus will be based on properties that have an implication on soil fertility including: (i) Soil pH Soil pH is an important soil property that affects several soil reactions and processes and is defined as a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil (Bohn, 2001). It has considerable effect on soil processes including ion exchange reactions and nutrient availability (Rowell, 1994). Soil pH is measured on a scale of 0 to 14, where a pH of 7.0 is considered neutral, readings higher than 7.0 are alkaline, and readings lower than 7.0 are considered acidic (McGuiness, 1993). Most plants are tolerant of a pH range of 5.5-6.5 which is near neutral pH range (Bohn, 2001). Soil pH is one of the most important characteristics of soil fertility, because it has a direct impact on nutrient availability and plant growth. Most nutrients are more soluble in acid soils than in neutral or slightly alkaline soils (Bohn, 2001). In strongly acidic soils the availability of macronutrients (Ca, Mg, K, P, N and S) as well as molybdenum and boron is reduced. In contrast, availability of micronutrient cations (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Al) is increased by low soil pH, even to the extent of toxicity of higher plants and microorganisms (Bohn, 2001). The pH of a soil is also reported to affect so many other soil properties (Brady and Weil, 1999), including nutrient availability, effects on soil organisms, fungi thrive in acidic soils, CEC and plant preferences of either acidic or alkaline soils. Most plants prefer alkaline soils, but there are a few which need acidic soils and will die if placed in an alkaline environment (Brady and Weil, 1999). (ii) Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Cation exchange capacity is defined as the sum of the total of the exchangeable cations that a soil can hold or adsorb (Brady and Weil, 1999). A cation is a positively charged ion and most nutrients cations are: Ca2+, Mg2+, K +, NH4+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+. These cations are in the soil solution and are in dynamic equilibrium with the cations adsorbed on the surface of clay and organic matter (Brady and Weil, 1999). Clay and organic matter are the main sources of CEC (Peinemann et al., 2002). The more clay and organic matter (humus) a soil contains, the higher its CEC and the greater the potential fertility of that soil. CEC varies according to the type of clay. It is highest in montmorillonite clay, lowest in heavily weathered kaolinite clay and slightly higher in the less weathered illite clay (Peinemann et al., 2002). Sand particles have no capacity to exchange cations because it has no electrical charge (Brady and Weil, 1999). CEC is used as a measure of soil nutrient retention capacity, and the capacity to protect groundwater from cation contamination (Brady and Weil, 1999). It buffers fluctuations in nutrient availability and soil pH (Bergaya and Vayer, 1997). Plants obtain many of their nutrients from soil by an electrochemical process called cation exchange. This process is the key to understanding soil fertility (Rowell, 1994). Nutrients that are held by charges on a soil are termed exchangeable as they become readily available to plants (Rowell, 1994).The higher the CEC of a soil, the more nutrients it is likely to hold and the higher will be its fertility level (Fullen and Catt, 2004). Factors affecting cation exchange capacity The factors affecting cation exchange capacity include the following (Brady and Weil 1999), soil texture, soil humus content, nature of clay and soil reaction. Soil texture influences the CEC of soils in a way that it increases when soils percentage of clay increases i.e. the finer the soil texture, the higher the CEC as indicated in Table 2. CEC depends on the nature of clay minerals present, since each mineral has its own capacity to exchange and hold cations e.g. the CEC of a soil dominated by vermiculite is much higher than the CEC of another soil dominated by kaolinite, as vermiculite is high activity clay unlike kaolinte which is low activity clay. When the pH of soil increases, more H+ ions dissociate from the clay minerals especially kaolinite, thus the CEC of soil dominated by kaolinite also increases. CEC varies according to the type of soil. Humus, the end product of decomposed organic matter, has the highest CEC value because organic matter colloids have large quantities of negative charges. Humus has a CEC two to five times greater than montmorillonite clay and up to 30 times greater than kaolinite clay, so is very important in improving soil fertility. Table 2.1: CEC values for different soil textures (Brady and Weil, 1999) Soil texture CEC range (meq/100g soil) Sand 2-4 Sandy loam 2-12 Loam 7-16 Silt loam 9-26 Clay, clay loam 4-60 (iii) Organic Matter The importance of soil organic matter in relation to soil fertility and physical condition is widely recognized in agriculture. However, organic matter contributes to the fertility or productivity of the soil through its positive effects on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil (Rowell, 1994), as follows: physical stabilizes soil structure, improves water holding characteristics, lowers bulk density, dark color may alter thermal properties; chemical higher CEC, acts as a pH buffer, ties up metals, interacts with biological supplies energy and body-building constituents for soil organisms, increases microbial populations and their activities, source and sink for nutrients, ecosystem resilience, affects soil enzymes. Soil organic matter consists of a wide range of organic substances, including living organisms, carboneous remains of organisms which once occupied the soil, and organic compounds produced by current and past metabolism of the soil (Brady and Weil, 1999). Soil organic matter plays a critical role in soil processes and is a key element of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) (Brady and Weil, 2004). Organic matter is widely considered to be the single most important indicator of soil fertility and productivity (Rowell, 1994). It consists primarily of decayed or decaying plant and animal residues and is a very important soil component. Benefits of Organic matter in soil according to Ashman and Puri, (2002) include: increasing the soils cation exchange capacity and acting as food for soil organisms from bacteria to worms and is an important component in the nutrient and carbon cycles. Organic matter, like clay, has a high surface area and is negatively charged with a high CEC, making it an excellent supplier of nutrients to plants. In addition, as organic matter decomposes, it releases nutrients such as N, P and S that are bound in the organic matters structure, essentially imitating a slow release fertilizer (Myers, 1995). Organic matter can also hold large amounts of water, which helps nutrients move from soil to plant roots (Mikkuta, 2004). An important characteristic of organic matter in soil fertility is C: N ratio. The C: N ratio in organic matter of arable surface horizons commonly ranges from 8:1 to 15:1, the median being near 12:1 (Brady and Weil, 1999). The C:N ratio in organic residues applied to soils is important for two reasons: intense competition among the micro-organisms for available soil nitrogen which occurs when residues having a high C:N ratio are added to soils and it also helps determine their rate of decay and the rate at which nitrogen is made available to plants (Brady and Weil, 1999). (iv) Plant Nutrients Plants require 13 plant nutrients (Table 2.2) (micro and macro nutrients) for their growth. Each is equally important to the plant, yet each is required in vastly different amounts (Ronen, 2007). Essential elements are chemical elements that plants need in order to complete their normal life cycle (Scoones and Toulhim, 1998). The functions of these elements in the plant cannot be fulfilled by another, thus making each element essential for plant growth and development (Scoones and Toulhim, 1998). Essential nutrients are divided into macro and micronutrients as illustrated in Table 3. Macronutrients are those that are required in relatively high quantities for plant growth and can be distinguish into two sub groups, primary and secondary ones, (Uchida and Silva, 2000). The primary macro-elements are most frequently required for plant growth and also needed in the greatest total quantity by plants. For most crops, secondary macro nutrients are needed in lesser amounts than the primary nutrients. The second group of plant nutrients which are micronutrients are needed only in trace amounts (Scoones and Toulhim, 1998). These micronutrients are required in very small amounts, but they are just as important to plant development and profitable crop production as the major nutrients (Ronen, 2007). Classification Element Function in plant growth Source Deficiency symptoms and toxicities Macro nutrients Primary Nitrogen (N) Chlorophyll and Protein formation Air/Soil, applied fertilisers Slow growth, stunted plants, chlorosis, low protein content Phosphorus (P) Photosynthesis, Stimulates early growth and root formation, hastens maturity Soil and applied fertilisers Slow growth, delayed crop maturity, purplish green coloration of leaves Potassium (K) Photosynthesis and nzyme activity, starch and sugar formation, root growth Soil and applied fertilisers Slow growth, Reduced disease or pest resistance, development of white and yellow spots on leaves Macro nutrients secondary Calcium (Ca) Cell growth and component of cell wall Soil Weakened stems, death of plants growing points, abnormal dark green appearance on foliage Magnesium (Mg) Enzyme activation, photosynthesis and influence Nitrogen metabolism Soil Interveinal chlorosis in older leaves, curling of leaves, stunted growth, Sulfur (S) Amino acids, proteins and nodule formation Soil and animal manure Interveinal chlorosis on corn leaves, retarded growth, delayed maturity and light green to yellowish color in young leaves Micronutrients essential Iron (Fe) Photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, constituent of various enzymes and proteins Soil Interveinal chlorosis, yellowing of leaves between veins, twig dieback, death of entire limp or plants Manganese (Mn) Enzyme activation, metabolism of nitrogen and organic acids, formation of vitamins and breakdown of carbohydrates Soil Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves, gradation of pale green coloration with darker color next to veins Zinc (Zn) Enzymes and auxins component, protein synthesis, used in formation of growth hormones Soil Mottled leaves, dieback twigs, decrease in stem length Copper (Cu) Enzyme activation, catalyst for respiration Soil Stunted growth, poor pigmentation, wilting of leaves Boron (B) Reproduction Soil Thickened, curled, wilted and chlorotic leaves; reduced flowering Molybdenum (Mo) Nitrogen fixation; nitrate reduction and plant growth Soil Stunting and lack of vigor (induced by nitrogen deficiency), scorching, cupping or rolling of leaves Chlorine (Cl) Root growth, photosynthetic reactions Soil Wilting followed by chlorosis, excessive branching of lateral roots, bronzing of leaves Additional nutrients Carbon (C) Constituent of carbohydrates and photosynthesis Air/ Organic matter Hydrogen (H) Maintains osmotic balance and constituent of carbohydrates Water/Organic matter Oxygen (O) Constituent of carbohydrates and necessary for respiration Air/Water/ Organic matter Table 2.2: Essential plant elements, their sources and role in plants (Ronen,2007) Deficiency of any of these essential nutrients will retard plant development (Brady and Weil, 2004). Deficiencies and toxicities of nutrients in soil present unfavorable conditions for plant growth, such as: poor growth, yellowing of the leaves and possibly the death of the plant as illustrated in Table 3 (Ahmed et al., 1997). Therefore proper nutrient management is required to achieve maximum plant growth, maximum economic and growth response by the crop, and also for minimum environmental impact. In addition to the nutrients listed above, plants require carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are extracted from air and water to make up the bulk of plant weight (Brady and Weil, 1999). Achieving balance between the nutrient requirements of plants and the nutrient reserves in soils is essential for maintaining soil fertility and high yields, preventing environmental contamination and degradation, and sustaining agricultural production over the long term. 2.2.3. Soil Biological properties (i) Soil organisms Soil organisms include mostly microscopic living organisms such as bacteria and fungi which are the foundation of a healthy soil because they are the primary decomposer of organic matter (Brady and Weil, 1999). Soil organisms are grouped into two namely soil microorganisms and soil macro organisms (Table 2.3). Table 2.3: Soil Macro and microorganisms and their role in plant and soil (Brady and Weil, 1999) Classification Organisms Function in plant and/or soil Source Microorganisms Bacteria Decomposition of organic matter Soil surface and humus particles Actinomycetes Source of protein and enhance soil fertility Surface layers of grass lands Fungi Fix atmospheric nitrogen and enhance soil fertility Soil (without organic matter) Algae Add organic matter to soil, improve aeration of swamp soils, and fix atmospheric nitrogen Moist soils Macro-organisms Nematodes They can be applied to crops in large quantities as a biological insecticide Soil and plant roots Earthworms Enhance soil fertility and structural stability Aerated soils Ants and termites Soil development Dominant in tropical soils Soil can contain millions of organisms that feed off decaying material such as old plant material, mulch unprocessed compost (Ashman and Puri, 2002), Microorganisms constitute Soil organic matter is the main food and energy source of soil microorganisms (Ashman and Puri, 2002). Through decomposition of organic matter, microorganisms take up their food elements. Organic matter also serves as a source of energy for both macro and micro organisms and helps in performing various beneficial functions in soil, resulting in highly productive soil (Mikutta et al., 2004). Macro-organisms such as insects, other arthropods, earthworms and nematodes live in the soil and have an important influence on soil fertility (Amezketa, 1999). They ingest soil material and relocate plant material and form burrows. The effects of these activities are variable. Macro-organisms improve aeration, porosity, infiltration, aggregate stability, litter mixing, improved N and C stabilization, C turnover and carbonate reduction and N mineralization, nutrient availability and metal mobility (Amezketa, 1999; Winsome and McColl, 1998 and Brown et al., 2000). The various groups of soil organisms do not live independently of each other, but form an interlocked system more or less in equilibrium with the environment (Brady and Weil, 1999). Their activity in soil depend on moisture content, temperature, soil enzymes, dissolution of soil minerals and breakdown of toxic chemicals. All have a tremendous role in the development of soil fertility (Alam, 2001). Their actions involve the formation of structural systems of the soils which help in the increase of agricultural productivity (Alam, 2001). 2.3. SOIL CLAY MINERALOGY The clay fraction of soil is dominated by clay minerals which control important soil chemical properties including sorption characteristics of soils (Dixon and Schulze, 2002). Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic compounds, with defined chemical and physical properties (Velde, 1995). Minerals that are formed in the depths of a volcano are called primary minerals (Pal et al., 2000). Feldspar, biotite, quartz and hornblende are examples of primary minerals. These minerals and the rocks made from them are often not stable when exposed to the weathering agents at the surface of the earth (Dixon and Schulze, 2002). These rocks are broken down (weathered) continuously into small pieces by exposure to physical and chemical weathering processes (Dixon and Schulze, 2002). Some of the elements that are released during weathering, reform and crystallise in a different structure forming secondary minerals (Melo et al., 2002). Secondary minerals tend to be much smaller in particle size than primary minerals, and are most commonly found in the clay fraction of soils (Guggenheim and Martin, 1995). Soil clay fractions often contain a wide range of secondary minerals such as kaolinite, montmorillonite and aluminum hydrous oxides, whereas the sand or silt particles of soils are dominated by relatively inert primary minerals. The clay fraction is usually dominated by secondary minerals which are more chemically active and contribute the most to soil fertility (Melo et al., 2002). Two major secondary mineral groups, clay minerals and hydrous

Concert Review and Bio: Tchaikovsky Essay -- essays research papers

Classical Concert   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who likes classical music anyway? That is a question that you may have found me asking a few months ago. As I have listened to the music in class and on my CD that came with the text book, I have noticed that I am growing a little bit more fond of this style of music. I had never really given it a chance until I started attending my younger sister’s concerts and really paying attention to the music. I have realized that classical music isn’t half bad. modern rock is still the music for me, but I have really learned to like and respect classical music over the last few months. The last classical concert I attended was a Christmas themed concert last week. Along with Christmas favorites and carols, they played a song called Trepak, by Tchaikovsky. I had heard of Tchaikovsky before, but had never seen any of his music performed live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My first impression of the concert was that the players were all dressed in black slacks or skirts and white tops. Some of them were wearing festive Santa Clause style hats and some even had garland wrapped around their instruments. The orchestra played first. They were all seated in a very specific order, facing the audience with the conductor standing on a podium in front of them. As they began to play I was very impressed with the level of skill that they played with, being only in high school. It sounded as if I was listening to a...

Activity Essay

Another strength of mine is knowing my audience. When reading to say an older crowd they probably wouldn’t like a lot of loud sound effects like a fire truck or a police car. When reading to a younger crowd say for example â€Å"the car came to a screeching holt† making a sound of a car coming to a sudden stop would not be bad at all and It will keep your young listeners entertained. Critical thinking can be a hard concept to grasp because your just not letting your pen or pencil flow freely you have to think and analyze your answer. One of my strengths in critical thinking is to be able to take notes while reading so when it comes to the questions at the end I can tell myself that the answer is in my notes somewhere so I know I should find it. A weakness of mine is that I get lazy and I wont turn back to my notes to actually find the answer I might just fill in whatever I feel is correct. Another one of my weaknesses is sometimes I may not read the question all the way through and because of that I wont get the exact answer that I need and I wind up not caring anymore. The writing process in my opinion is the most important part of writing without it your paper would probably make no sense and have a lot of mistakes. Strength of mine in the writing process is that I like to plan my writing carefully before just jumping into a paper. A weakness in this area is that I hate the revising and editing portion and I know its something that I need to work on if I want to have a great paper. Another strength is when I write the paper I try to get it exactly how I want it the 1st time so the second time through I just have to add a couple words or periods here or there. Spelling and grammar everyone’s favorite part of a paper without it nobody would ever understand what you were trying to say. If you leave your paper with a lot of sentence fragments and run-ons nobody will bother to pick up anything you have written. Strength of mine in this area is I typically read over a sentence aloud twice to make sure it makes sense and it’s not a run-on. A weakness of mine is that I am not a very good speller without word and spell check all my teachers would probably look at me like I was crazy and its something that I have got to work on. Another weakness is sometimes I may forget a comma or a period or put a period where a question mark should go and if you give that paper to a newspaper or magazine they will hand it right back to you. Writing has a lot of components and some of the most important ones are rhetorical knowledge, critical thinking, reading and writing; writing processes; and knowledge of conventions. Even though every one has there own strengths and weaknesses you can always get your strengths stronger and your weaknesses stronger also.